Estimation of ballistic coefficients of low altitude debris objects from historical two line elements

This paper presents a new method for estimating ballistic coefficients (BCs) of low perigee debris objects from their historical two line elements (TLEs). The method uses the drag perturbation equation of the semi-major axis of the orbit. For an object with perigee altitude below 700 km, the variation in the mean semi-major axis derived from the TLE is mainly caused by the atmospheric drag effect, and therefore is used as the source in the estimation of the ballistic coefficient. The method is tested using the GRACE satellites, and a number of debris objects with external ballistic coefficient values, and agreements of about 10% are achieved.     

卫星对动能拦截器的一种规避策略

为了解决卫星对逆轨来袭动能拦截器的末段防御问题,提出了一种卫星轨道机动规避策略。首先建立了拦截器攻击区的概念,分析了攻击区的特性,具体推导了攻击区的估算方法。在此基础上,根据卫星机动对拦截器攻击区的影响,提出了卫星的轨道机动规避策略。最后,对所提出的攻击区估算方法和卫星轨道机动规避策略进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,在拦截器推进剂充足和滚动角稳定值已知的条件下,所提出的攻击区估算方法比较准确;卫星的轨道机动规避策略有效可行。所提出的规避策略对处于攻击区内不可逃逸圆外的卫星,可以保证其以最短的机动时间成功规避拦截器的攻击,对处于不可逃逸圆内的卫星,也可以保证其具有最大的成功规避概率。     

深空探测中多普勒的建模与应用

针对深空探测中的多普勒观测资料的单程和三程模式,分别给出了瞬时和积分的观测模型,双程多普勒观测模型是三程模式的一个特殊情况.通过比较瞬时和积分多普勒的差异,推断在积分周期取得足够小时,瞬时观测模型与积分模型是一致的.利用2009年8月份对火星探测器MEX的三程多普勒测轨资料的处理,检验了三程多普勒资料观测模型的正确性,利用约一个圈次8小时三程多普勒数据进行轨道计算,定轨结果与欧空局重建轨道位置差约几百米.     

偏置动量卫星东西位置保持策略优化方法

针对偏王动量卫星的特点,提出了一种偏置动量卫星东西位置保持策略优化方法.根据单自由度轮控系统的控制方式、角动量管理的控制方法,以及角动量管理对卫星轨道的影响,基于动量轮转速的变化建立了推力器喷气效率、轨道元素变化量计算模型,提出了可延长东西位置保持周期的轨道控制优化策略.实际轨控任务应用结果表明方法控制效果良好.     

工艺方法对某结构形式的强度影响研究

以某结构形式为例,研究了加工工艺对其强度、尤其是疲劳强度的影响,讨论了产生裂纹的原因,提出了工艺改进措施并得到了试验验证。结果表明,结构根部的应力集中是疲劳强度降低并出现裂纹的原因,加工工艺对疲劳强度有较大影响,改进工艺后,该结构根部应力集中程度降低,抗疲劳性能明显改善。     

在轨服务的相对运动耦合动力学建模与分析

研究在轨服务航天器逼近与捕获目标航天器的相对轨道姿态耦合动力学建模问题。考虑航天器姿态与对接位置的运动耦合,建立目标运行在任意轨道下的相对轨道姿态耦合动力学模型,并对模型中的运动耦合进行深入分析。设计一种非线性的输出反馈姿态控制律,将建立耦合动力学模型与CW方程进行仿真比较,验证轨道与姿态的运动耦合对两航天器对接点之间相对位置的运动影响。     

Geostationary orbit determination using SATRE

A new strategy of precise orbit determination (POD) for GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) satellite using SATRE (SAtellite Time and Ranging Equipment) is presented. Two observation modes are proposed and different channels of the same instruments are used to construct different observation modes, one mode receiving time signals from their own station and the other mode receiving time signals from each other for two stations called pairs of combined observations. Using data from such a tracking network in China, the results for both modes are compared. The precise orbit determination for the Sino-1 satellite using the data from 6 June 2005 to 13 June 2005 has been carried out in this work. The RMS (Root-Mean-Square) of observing residuals for 3-day solutions with the former mode is better than 9.1 cm. The RMS of observing residuals for 3-day solutions with the latter mode is better than 4.8 cm, much better than the former mode. Orbital overlapping (3-day orbit solution with 1-day orbit overlap) tests show that the RMS of the orbit difference for the former mode is 0.16 m in the radial direction, 0.53 m in the along-track direction, 0.97 m in the cross-track direction and 1.12 m in the 3-dimension position and the RMS of the orbit difference for the latter mode is 0.36 m in the radial direction, 0.89 m in the along-track direction, 1.18 m in the cross-track direction and 1.52 m in the 3-dimension position, almost the same as the former mode. All the experiments indicate that a meter-level accuracy of orbit determination for geostationary satellite is achievable.     

The possibilities of polar meteorology,environmental remote sensing,communications and space weather applications from Artificial Lagrange Orbit

The ability to observe meteorological events in the polar regions of the Earth from satellite celebrated an anniversary, with the launch of TIROS-I in a pseudo-polar orbit on 1 April 1960. Yet, after 50 years, polar orbiting satellites are still the best view of the polar regions of the Earth. The luxuries of geostationary satellite orbit including rapid scan operations, feature tracking, and atmospheric motion vectors (or cloud drift winds), are enjoyed only by the middle and tropical latitudes or perhaps only cover the deep polar regions in the case of satellite derived winds from polar orbit. The prospect of a solar sailing satellite system in an Artificial Lagrange Orbit (ALO, also known as “pole sitters”) offers the opportunity for polar environmental remote sensing, communications, forecasting and space weather monitoring. While there are other orbital possibilities to achieve this goal, an ALO satellite system offers one of the best analogs to the geostationary satellite system for routine polar latitude observations.     

面向深空探测的30cm离子推力器寿命预估

为评价30cm离子推力器的寿命,提出了有限寿命考核结合栅极仿真模型的推力器寿命预估方法,利用粒子-蒙特卡洛（PIC-MCC）方法建立了栅孔溅射腐蚀模型,开展了30cm离子推力器寿命预估研究,分析了栅孔刻蚀速率、单孔电场及离子引出特性,给出了30cm推力器寿命预估值。结果表明,栅孔直径仿真与实测值一致性较好,误差在20%以内,基于每个寿命小节栅孔实测值对模型的修正是有效的;根据仿真结果,10000h寿命考核后,减速栅最先失效,30cm离子推力器在最大功率（3kW）工况下预估寿命为37540h,能够满足小天体探测任务对电推进系统的长寿命需求。     

深空探测器运行轨道的基本性态

要成功地发射一个深空探测器进入目标轨道,相应的运行过程基本上涉及3个阶段:近地停泊轨道运行段、转移轨道的过渡段和进入目标天体的绕飞段。它们各自的运行状态和相应的数学模型有所差别,特别是转移轨道段的运行特征与绕飞段的卫星轨道的典型特征之间的重大差别,在深空探测任务中受到广泛的重视,如平动点利用中的晕(Halo)轨道和引力加速的节能过渡等。然而,就太阳系而言,这些不同轨道之间有一共同的基本性态,那就是都可以用在牛顿万有引力定律制约下的开普勒轨道(或变化的开普勒轨道)来刻画。本文将针对上述不同运行段轨道对应的数学模型、研究方法和结果,结合我们所做的工作进行综述。